The team notes that among those with and without MDD, sleep disturbance, especially problems falling asleep, are "one of the more important predictors of a future depressive episode." At the same time, depression symptoms have been found to raise the risk of future insomnia. Sleep problems are closely associated with major depression, affecting up to 90% of those with the diagnosis. Riya Mirchandaney was first author of the team's paper reporting results, which appeared in Current Psychiatry Reports.ĬBT-I, the team notes, draws directly from basic science on sleep and circadian rhythms, combining multiple treatment elements including sleep education controlling environmental and biological stimuli that affect sleep restricting sleep to certain times of the 24-hour cycle and cognitive psychotherapy. But in view of the high rates of comorbidity, the team set out to examine the evidence for CBT-I's effectiveness in treating those with insomnia symptoms and either major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or PTSD. Asarnow, Ph.D., "a large body of research" has already demonstrated the effectiveness of CBT-I in treating chronic insomnia in adults without psychiatric co-morbidities. It is recommended by most doctors before drug therapy, and it is the most widely used non-drug treatment for sleep problems.Īccording to researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, led by 2019 BBRF Young Investigator Lauren D. The first-line treatment for adult insomnia is a specialized form of cognitive behavioral therapy, called CBT-I. Sleep disruptions, notably including nightmares, are also common in those who suffer from PTSD. People with insomnia, for example, are estimated to be five times more likely to have anxiety or depression than people who don't have insomnia. Insomnia symptoms and psychiatric disorders often occur together.
The latter is defined by a dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity due either to difficulty falling or remaining asleep, and resulting in clinically significant distress or impaired functioning.
Insomnia is common in the general population: it is estimated that 35% to 50% of adults suffer from insomnia symptoms and 10% to 20% of all adults have insomnia disorder. In a review of available randomized, controlled studies, a research team has found evidence of the importance of treating insomnia symptoms in people who also suffer from either depression, anxiety, or PTSD.
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